Terminology: Difference between revisions

Terminology (view source)

Revision as of 22:40, 9 August 2019

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Super tweaked the terminology page by creating bookmark anchors for all entries, this will make it easier to refer to the term from other pages.

RamTuff

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 <span id="A"></span>
-;AMC7135: A linear current regulator used in many drivers. See [[Driver]] article.
+;<span id="AMC7135">AMC7135</span>: A linear current regulator used in many drivers. See [[Driver]] article.
-;ANSI/NEMA FL-1: an industry standard for measuring the performance of flashlights. See [[ANSI-NEMA FL-1|article]].
+;<span id="ANSI/NEMA FL-1">ANSI/NEMA FL-1</span>: an industry standard for measuring the performance of flashlights. See [[ANSI-NEMA FL-1|article]].
-;AR coating: anti-reflective coating. A coating on a lens that lets more light through the lens instead of being reflected back towards the light source. See [[lenses]] article and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antireflection_coating Wikipedia article] for more information.
+;<span id="AR coating">AR coating</span>: anti-reflective coating. A coating on a lens that lets more light through the lens instead of being reflected back towards the light source. See [[lenses]] article and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antireflection_coating Wikipedia article] for more information.
-;aspheric:  a lens designed to offer better throw. "Aspheric" because it does not have the classic lens shape, the shape of the lens is not spherical. This dramatically increases costs. Most affordable ones are injection moulded optical plastic. "Aspheric" means "not a part of a sphere"
+;<span id="aspheric">aspheric</span>:  a lens designed to offer better throw. "Aspheric" because it does not have the classic lens shape, the shape of the lens is not spherical. This dramatically increases costs. Most affordable ones are injection moulded optical plastic. "Aspheric" means "not a part of a sphere"
-;AW: a well-regarded brand of rechargeable battery sold on CPF Marketplace. See article [[Rechargeable]].
+;<span id="AW">AW</span>: a well-regarded brand of rechargeable battery sold on CPF Marketplace. See article [[Rechargeable]].
 <span id="B"></span>
-;beamshot: a picture of the beam of a flashlight, usually on a white wall, or outside on plants.
+;<span id="beamshot">beamshot</span>: a picture of the beam of a flashlight, usually on a white wall, or outside on plants.
-;bezel: the front of a flashlight; the part containing/surrounding the lens.
+;<span id="bezel">bezel</span>: the front of a flashlight; the part containing/surrounding the lens.
-;bin: an LED classification that describes the performance of a particular [[LED]] model - flux (brightness), tint, and Vf.  Example: UV1J. [[Cree]] uses bin numbers P4, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R2, R3, R4, R5, S2 each denoting a roughly 5% increase in output. As LEDs come out of the factory, they are tested and put in actual bins based on their performance.
+;<span id="bin">bin</span>: an LED classification that describes the performance of a particular [[LED]] model - flux (brightness), tint, and Vf.  Example: UV1J. [[Cree]] uses bin numbers P4, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R2, R3, R4, R5, S2 each denoting a roughly 5% increase in output. As LEDs come out of the factory, they are tested and put in actual bins based on their performance.
 ;<span id="BLF">BLF</span>: [http://budgetlightforum.com Budget Light Forum], an online forum dedicated to [[budget lights]].
-;boost: a type of electronic circuit that increases voltage. See article [[Driver]].
+;<span id="boost">boost</span>: a type of electronic circuit that increases voltage. See article [[Driver]].
-;buck: a type of electronic circuit that reduces voltage. See article [[Driver]].
+;<span id="buck">buck</span>: a type of electronic circuit that reduces voltage. See article [[Driver]].
 <span id="C"></span>
-;C: capacity - the charge/discharge rate in an hour. For instance discharging a cell rated 1000mAh at 1C means drawing 1000mA and it should last 1 hour; at 0.1C it would draw 100mA and last 10 hours.
+;<span id="C">C</span>: capacity - the charge/discharge rate in an hour. For instance discharging a cell rated 1000mAh at 1C means drawing 1000mA and it should last 1 hour; at 0.1C it would draw 100mA and last 10 hours.
-;C8: a budget flashlight model originally made by [[UltraFire]] but widely copied. Has a bigger, deeper reflector than a P60 type of light for better throw and the pill usually screws into the throat for better heat management.
+;<span id="C8">C8</span>: a budget flashlight model originally made by [[UltraFire]] but widely copied. Has a bigger, deeper reflector than a P60 type of light for better throw and the pill usually screws into the throat for better heat management.
-;CC/CV: constant current / constant voltage - a method of charging lithium-ion batteries where a constant current is applied until the battery reaches 4.2V, then a constant voltage is applied as the current draw drops. Charging terminates when the current drops to 5% or 10% of the initial charging value.
+;<span id="CC/CV">CC/CV</span>: constant current / constant voltage - a method of charging lithium-ion batteries where a constant current is applied until the battery reaches 4.2V, then a constant voltage is applied as the current draw drops. Charging terminates when the current drops to 5% or 10% of the initial charging value.
-;CCFL: Cold-Cathode Fluorescent
+;<span id="CCFL">CCFL</span>: Cold-Cathode Fluorescent
 ;<span id="CCT">CCT</span>: Correlated Color Temperature, a number in Kelvins that represents color of light. A temperature of 2,700 to 3,000 is warm while while cool colors are 5,000+. See Wikipedia article [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlated_color_temperature Color Temperature].
-;cd: candela - a measurement of [[Light Output Measurements|light intensity]] in lumens per steradian (a solid angle. A whole sphere is 12.57 steradian). Can be measured with a lux meter at a distance of 1 meter from the light source. See throw, lumens.
+;<span id="cd">cd</span>: candela - a measurement of [[Light Output Measurements|light intensity]] in lumens per steradian (a solid angle. A whole sphere is 12.57 steradian). Can be measured with a lux meter at a distance of 1 meter from the light source. See throw, lumens.
-;CFL: Compact Fluorescent, an efficient alternative to incandescent light bulbs.
+;<span id="CFL">CFL</span>: Compact Fluorescent, an efficient alternative to incandescent light bulbs.
-;corona: the area of transition between a beam's central hotspot and the area of spill. The corona becomes more prominent as the reflector surface is made rougher or more heavily textured, and also as the distance of the light emitting surface from the reflector focal point increases.
+;<span id="corona">corona</span>: the area of transition between a beam's central hotspot and the area of spill. The corona becomes more prominent as the reflector surface is made rougher or more heavily textured, and also as the distance of the light emitting surface from the reflector focal point increases.
-;CW: Cool White, a bluish LED tint. See article [[ANSI White]].
+;<span id="CW">CW</span>: Cool White, a bluish LED tint. See article [[ANSI White]].
 ;<span id="CPF">CPF</span>: [http://candlepowerforums.com/ CandlePower Forums] A large flashlight discussion board and marketplace.
-;Cree: a manufacturer of high-power, high-efficiency LEDs; particularly the XP-E2, XP-G2, XM-L2, and XP-L. See article [[Cree]].
+;<span id="Cree">Cree</span>: a manufacturer of high-power, high-efficiency LEDs; particularly the XP-E2, XP-G2, XM-L2, and XP-L. See article [[Cree]].
-;crenelated: scalloped bezel at the front of a light, to 1) help prevent accidentally leaving the light on when stood on its head; 2) increase utility as a weapon, especially on larger lights (tail is sometimes crenelated too). Sometimes spelled "crenulated."
+;<span id="crenelated">crenelated</span>: scalloped bezel at the front of a light, to 1) help prevent accidentally leaving the light on when stood on its head; 2) increase utility as a weapon, especially on larger lights (tail is sometimes crenelated too). Sometimes spelled "crenulated."
 ;<span id="CRI">CRI</span>: Color Rendering Index - a value indicating how well a light source will show colors, with 100 being a perfect representation. A typical cool white LED might have a CRI as high as 70. The term "High CRI" seems to apply with a value of 80, but some LEDs have values in the low 90's. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_rendering_index Wikipedia article].
 <span id="D"></span>
-;DD: 1. direct drive. See article [[Driver]].
+;<span id="DD">DD</span>: 1. direct drive. See article [[Driver]].
 :2. Dino Direct, a budget dealer
-;de-dome: to remove the round plastic dome over the die on an LED; if the beam is properly focused by a reflector, the overall throw can be increased since the reflector sees a smaller die. Overall output typically goes down and the tint will probably change with good or bad results. Domes are not usually meant to be removed and it can be tricky removing one without damaging the LED. One method is soaking the LED in gasoline for 24 hours which makes the dome fall off.
+;<span id="de-dome">de-dome</span>: to remove the round plastic dome over the die on an LED; if the beam is properly focused by a reflector, the overall throw can be increased since the reflector sees a smaller die. Overall output typically goes down and the tint will probably change with good or bad results. Domes are not usually meant to be removed and it can be tricky removing one without damaging the LED. One method is soaking the LED in gasoline for 24 hours which makes the dome fall off.
-;die: the part of the LED that actually produces light. It is usually yellow and protected by a clear dome.
+;<span id="die">die</span>: the part of the LED that actually produces light. It is usually yellow and protected by a clear dome.
-;diffuser: 1. a method of softening the beam of a flashlight, usually to reduce beam artifacts, via a translucent film or material placed over the lens
+;<span id="diffuser">diffuser</span>: 1. a method of softening the beam of a flashlight, usually to reduce beam artifacts, via a translucent film or material placed over the lens
 :2. a translucent attachment to make a flashlight serve as a camping lantern.
-;direct drive:  When the batteries power the LED directly without any regulation in the driver, or without a driver at all. See article [[Driver]].
+;<span id="direct drive">direct drive</span>:  When the batteries power the LED directly without any regulation in the driver, or without a driver at all. See article [[Driver]].
 ;<span id="DMM">DMM</span>: Digital MultiMeter. Measures volts, amps, ohms, etc. You can spend anywhere from a few dollars to several hundred on a DMM. For flashlights it is helpful to be able to measure current (amps) in addition to volts.
-;donut hole: a dark spot in the center of the flashlight beam. This is a common problem with multi-die emitters (can also appear as a plus-sign in the beam reflecting the layout of the 4 dice) but can also be the result of a poorly matched reflector.
+;<span id="donut hole">donut hole</span>: a dark spot in the center of the flashlight beam. This is a common problem with multi-die emitters (can also appear as a plus-sign in the beam reflecting the layout of the 4 dice) but can also be the result of a poorly matched reflector.
 ;<span id="driver">driver</span>: the electronics in between the battery and LED. This usually consists of a circuit board in the "pill". It regulates the voltage to the LED as well as provides the various modes and memory of the light. See article [[Driver]].
-;duraloop: nickname for a Duracell precharged NiMH battery with a white top, made in Japan, and thought to be an [[Eneloop]] in Duracell wrapping. See article [[Rechargeable]].
+;<span id="duraloop">duraloop</span>: nickname for a Duracell precharged NiMH battery with a white top, made in Japan, and thought to be an [[Eneloop]] in Duracell wrapping. See article [[Rechargeable]].
-;DX: DealExtreme, a direct ship seller of budget brands of flashlights and parts based in China.
+;<span id="DX">DX</span>: DealExtreme, a direct ship seller of budget brands of flashlights and parts based in China.
 <span id="E"></span>
-;EDC: everyday carry. A flashlight someone keeps on their person all the time. Seems to have been borrowed from handgun forums.
+;<span id="EDC">EDC</span>: everyday carry. A flashlight someone keeps on their person all the time. Seems to have been borrowed from handgun forums.
-;efficacy: the amount of light output divided by the power consumption. Usually measured in lumens per watt (a watt being volts times amps). For an LED, this value varies with power consumption, becoming less efficient as power increases. Although efficacy is a measure of how efficient an LED is, true "efficiency" would be a percentage calculated by dividing the light output energy divided by the energy consumed.
+;<span id="efficacy">efficacy</span>: the amount of light output divided by the power consumption. Usually measured in lumens per watt (a watt being volts times amps). For an LED, this value varies with power consumption, becoming less efficient as power increases. Although efficacy is a measure of how efficient an LED is, true "efficiency" would be a percentage calculated by dividing the light output energy divided by the energy consumed.
-;electronic switch: instead of running power through the switch, the electronic switch just tells the driver when to let power through. This setup allows for a more versatile interface by allowing double clicks, click and hold, etc. Also an electronic switch can work better in a high power light since the switch controls the driver instead of all of the current having to flow through the switch itself. Electronic switches also require a small amount of current even when turned off so the driver can monitor the switch. This is called parasitic drain and can eventually deplete the battery when not in use.
+;<span id="electronic switch">electronic switch</span>: instead of running power through the switch, the electronic switch just tells the driver when to let power through. This setup allows for a more versatile interface by allowing double clicks, click and hold, etc. Also an electronic switch can work better in a high power light since the switch controls the driver instead of all of the current having to flow through the switch itself. Electronic switches also require a small amount of current even when turned off so the driver can monitor the switch. This is called parasitic drain and can eventually deplete the battery when not in use.
 ;<span id="emitter">emitter</span>: the actual light-emitting part of an LED assembly.  e.g. a Luxeon star comprises a Luxeon emitter mounted to a star circuit board. Also can be used to describe where lumens are measured, for instance whether lumen output is measured at the emitter or OTF (out the front). See article [[Light Output Measurements]].
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 ;<span id="FET">FET</span>: field effect transistor. Basically a digitally controlled switch, these are used in high current [[driver|drivers]] offering less resistance to current than other designs and therefore higher output.
-;<span id="flood">flood</span>: scattered light emitted from a flashlight. Good for indoor use to light up a room or short-range use outdoors to light up an area. Compare with [[#throw|throw]].
+;<span id="<span id="flood">flood</span>"><span id="flood">flood</span></span>: scattered light emitted from a flashlight. Good for indoor use to light up a room or short-range use outdoors to light up an area. Compare with [[#throw|throw]].
-;flux: light output, measured in lumens.
+;<span id="flux">flux</span>: light output, measured in lumens.
 ;<span id="forward">forward clicky</span>: a switch that turns the light on with the button partially depressed and then locks into on once it is fully depressed and clicked. This allows "momentary on" by halfway depressing the switch and then releasing to turn it off. A forward clicky is not as good for switching modes. Compare with [[#reverse|reverse clicky]].
+;<span id="Forward Voltage">Forward Voltage</span> (a property of an [[LED]]). The voltage drop across a LED at a given current. If two LEDs are identical except one has a lower Vf, the one with the lower Vf will draw a higher current from a battery and will also be brighter.
 <span id="G"></span>
-;GITD/gid: glow in the dark
+;<span id="GITD/gid">GITD/gid</span>: glow in the dark
 <span id="H"></span>
-;HA: hard anodized.  A tough, scratch-resistant treatment applied to aluminum, e.g. for flashlight bodies. See article on [[Materials#Anodizing|Anodizing]].
+;<span id="HA">HA</span>: hard anodized.  A tough, scratch-resistant treatment applied to aluminum, e.g. for flashlight bodies. See article on [[Materials#Anodizing|Anodizing]].
-;HID: High-Intensity Discharge, a type of bright and efficient lighting.
+;<span id="HID">HID</span>: High-Intensity Discharge, a type of bright and efficient lighting.
-;hobby charger: a battery charger designed to be used with different battery chemistries and numbers of cells, used by radio control hobbyists. See [[Chargers]] article.
+;<span id="hobby charger">hobby charger</span>: a battery charger designed to be used with different battery chemistries and numbers of cells, used by radio control hobbyists. See [[Chargers]] article.
 ;<span id="HOLA">HOLA</span>: High Output Lamp Assembly, typically a bulb/Light Emitting Diode module that is an upgrade and not standard, providing greater output at the expense of battery life.
-;hotspot: The central and most intense portion of a flashlight beam. Intensity of a hotspot is governed by surface brightness of the light emitter, and the shape, depth, diameter, smoothness and reflective efficiency of the reflector surface. i.e. the hotspot is produced by light coming directly from the emitter, PLUS light reflected by the reflector. The more intense the hotspot, the greater the flashlight's throw.
+;<span id="hotspot">hotspot</span>: The central and most intense portion of a flashlight beam. Intensity of a hotspot is governed by surface brightness of the light emitter, and the shape, depth, diameter, smoothness and reflective efficiency of the reflector surface. i.e. the hotspot is produced by light coming directly from the emitter, PLUS light reflected by the reflector. The more intense the hotspot, the greater the flashlight's throw.
-;hotwire: Generally, a [[Maglite]] that has been modified with special bulbs and batteries to be significantly brighter
+;<span id="hotwire">hotwire</span>: Generally, a [[Maglite]] that has been modified with special bulbs and batteries to be significantly brighter
 <span id="I"></span>
+;<span id="ICR">ICR</span>: [[Rechargeable#Lithium_Ion_.28Li-ion.29_-_3.7V.2Fcell|Lithium-Cobalt]], the most common type of lithium ion rechargeable battery.
-;ICR: [[Rechargeable#Lithium_Ion_.28Li-ion.29_-_3.7V.2Fcell|Lithium-Cobalt]], the most common type of lithium ion rechargeable battery.
+;<span id="IMR">IMR</span>: [[Rechargeable#Lithium_Manganese_.28LiMn.29_3.7V.2Fcell|Lithium-Manganese]], a type of lithium ion rechargeable battery able to sustain high power draws without overheating or exploding like a lithium cobalt battery might.
-;IMR: [[Rechargeable#Lithium_Manganese_.28LiMn.29_3.7V.2Fcell|Lithium-Manganese]], a type of lithium ion rechargeable battery able to sustain high power draws without overheating or exploding like a lithium cobalt battery might.
+;<span id="incan">incan</span>: [[Incandescent]]
-;incan: [[Incandescent]]
+;<span id="IPX">IPX</span>: a rating for water resistance in flashlights. See different ratings on the [[ANSI-NEMA FL-1|ANSI/NEMA FL-1]] page.
-;IPX: a rating for water resistance in flashlights. See different ratings on the [[ANSI-NEMA FL-1|ANSI/NEMA FL-1]] page.
+<span id="J"></span>
-<span id="J"></span>
 <span id="K"></span>
-;KD: KaiDomain, a direct ship seller of budget brands of flashlights and parts based in China.
+;<span id="KD">KD</span>: KaiDomain, a direct ship seller of budget brands of flashlights and parts based in China.
 <span id="L"></span>
 ;<span id="LED">LED</span>: Light Emitting Diode. An electronic component (including the die, lens, PCB, etc.) that produces light. See article [[LED]].
-;lens: technically a piece of glass or plastic with curved faces that shapes light, but in flashlights the lens can also be the flat piece of glass or plastic at the front of the light that protects the light source. See article [[Lenses]].
+;<span id="lens">lens</span>: technically a piece of glass or plastic with curved faces that shapes light, but in flashlights the lens can also be the flat piece of glass or plastic at the front of the light that protects the light source. See article [[Lenses]].
-;Lego: flashlights/parts that facilitate mix and match of bezels/heads, battery tubes, tail caps, switches, pills, and so forth.
+;<span id="Lego">Lego</span>: flashlights/parts that facilitate mix and match of bezels/heads, battery tubes, tail caps, switches, pills, and so forth.
-;LEO: Law Enforcement Officer (these people often carry flashlights)
+;<span id="LEO">LEO</span>: Law Enforcement Officer (these people often carry flashlights)
-;Li-Ion: Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery. See article [[Rechargeable]].
+;<span id="Li-Ion">Li-Ion</span>: Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery. See article [[Rechargeable]].
-;Lipo: Lithium polymer rechargeable battery. See article [[Rechargeable]].
+;<span id="Lipo">Lipo</span>: Lithium polymer rechargeable battery. See article [[Rechargeable]].
-;LOLA: Low Output Lamp Assembly. Compare to [[#HOLA|HOLA]]
+;<span id="LOLA">LOLA</span>: Low Output Lamp Assembly. Compare to [[#HOLA|HOLA]]
-;LOP: Light Orange Peel - used to describe a type of texture on a reflector.
+;<span id="LOP">LOP</span>: Light Orange Peel - used to describe a type of texture on a reflector.
-;LOTC: Lock Out Tail Cap, a type of tailcap (primarily on [[SureFire]] lights) that when pushed slightly, the light will momentarily engage until released.  When pushed harder, the light will engage to constant on until depressed again. The "Lock Out" feature prevents accidental activation by breaking the electrical circuit by separating the tailcap and the conductive body.
+;<span id="LOTC">LOTC</span>: Lock Out Tail Cap, a type of tailcap (primarily on [[SureFire]] lights) that when pushed slightly, the light will momentarily engage until released.  When pushed harder, the light will engage to constant on until depressed again. The "Lock Out" feature prevents accidental activation by breaking the electrical circuit by separating the tailcap and the conductive body.
-;LSD: Low Self-Discharge - a type of NiMh cell that holds its charge longer than regular NiMh cells. See article [[Rechargeable]].
+;<span id="LSD">LSD</span>: Low Self-Discharge - a type of NiMh cell that holds its charge longer than regular NiMh cells. See article [[Rechargeable]].
-;lumens: (abbrev: lm) a measurement of [[Light Output Measurements|light output]]. Lumens measure all of the light output (compare to lux).
+;<span id="lumens">lumens</span>: (abbrev: lm) a measurement of [[Light Output Measurements|light output]]. Lumens measure all of the light output (compare to lux).
-;lux: 1. a measurement of light intensity. Lux refers to the number of lumens falling on a square meter. See article [[Light Output Measurements]].
+;<span id="lux">lux</span>: 1. a measurement of light intensity. Lux refers to the number of lumens falling on a square meter. See article [[Light Output Measurements]].
 :2. short for Luxeon [[LED]], an early high-power LED (also Lux I, Lux III, LuxV for different versions of this LED). See [[Philips Lumileds]].
@@ Line 154: / Line 156: @@
 ;<span id="mAh">mAh</span>: milliampere-hours - a rating of [[battery capacity]] in thousandths of an ampere in an hour. A 1000mAh battery should be able to discharge 1000mA for 1 hour or 500mA for 2 hours.
-;mcd: millicandela, 1/1000 of a candela (cd) - a measurement of [[Light Output Measurements|light intensity]].
+;<span id="mcd">mcd</span>: millicandela, 1/1000 of a candela (cd) - a measurement of [[Light Output Measurements|light intensity]].
-;memory: 1. The memory effect in some cell types, see article [[Rechargeable]].
+;<span id="memory">memory</span>: 1. The memory effect in some cell types, see article [[Rechargeable]].
 :2. The ability for a flashlight capable of multiple levels of output to remember the last-used level and return to that level the next time it is switched on.
-;MOSFET: metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, the most common type of FET. See [[#FET|FET]].
+;<span id="MOSFET">MOSFET</span>: metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, the most common type of FET. See [[#FET|FET]].
-;MCPCB: Metal Core Printed Circuit Board. This is the type of board on which LEDs are usually mounted. They are metal to help transfer heat and are then attached to a pill or heat sink. Sometimes called a "star" or just a "board."
+;<span id="MCPCB">MCPCB</span>: Metal Core Printed Circuit Board. This is the type of board on which LEDs are usually mounted. They are metal to help transfer heat and are then attached to a pill or heat sink. Sometimes called a "star" or just a "board."
 <span id="N"></span>
-;Nailbender: a CPF member who makes high power P60 and other drop-ins for host lights.
+;<span id="Nailbender">Nailbender</span>: a CPF member who makes high power P60 and other drop-ins for host lights.
 ;<span id="Noctigon">Noctigon</span>: a brand name of copper LED MCPCB that is designed to conduct heat away from an LED more efficiently than typical aluminum boards, therefore keeping the LED cooler, increasing brightness and LED life. Also see [[#SinkPAD|SinkPAD]].
-;NW: Neutral White, an LED tint. Should be just pure white, but realistically may have a vanilla, or light yellow or orange tint. See article [[ANSI White]].
+;<span id="NW">NW</span>: Neutral White, an LED tint. Should be just pure white, but realistically may have a vanilla, or light yellow or orange tint. See article [[ANSI White]].
 <span id="O"></span>
@@ Line 174: / Line 176: @@
 :2. on conference posts can refer to "original poster," the person who originally started the thread.
-;optic: usually a total-internal-reflection (see TIR) reflector/refractor, as opposed to a metal-coated reflector. See article [[Lenses]].
+;<span id="optic">optic</span>: usually a total-internal-reflection (see TIR) reflector/refractor, as opposed to a metal-coated reflector. See article [[Lenses]].
-;O-Ring: Usually placed in the assembly parts of the torch on the back and front. Helps to prevent dirt and dust to enter the torch.
+;<span id="O-Ring">O-Ring</span>: Usually placed in the assembly parts of the torch on the back and front. Helps to prevent dirt and dust to enter the torch.
 ;<span id="OTF">OTF</span>: Out-the-front. The amount of light that is actually emitted out of the front of the light, usually measured in lumens. This number is always lower than lumens measured at the emitter (at the LED itself). Some manufacturers quote OTF lumens and others use emitter lumens. Usually the OTF value is around a third less than the rated output of the light-producing device. See [[Light Output Measurements]].
 <span id="P"></span>
-;P60 drop-in: an assembly of the reflector, bulb, and driver originally introduced by [[SureFire]], but now an industry standard. See article [[P60]].
+;<span id="P60 drop-in">P60 drop-in</span>: an assembly of the reflector, bulb, and driver originally introduced by [[SureFire]], but now an industry standard. See article [[P60]].
-;PCB: Printed Circuit Board. A circuit board with electronics soldered to it. Usually it has a plastic base printed with ink, solder pads, and wire paths, but MCPCB's have a metal core.
+;<span id="PCB">PCB</span>: Printed Circuit Board. A circuit board with electronics soldered to it. Usually it has a plastic base printed with ink, solder pads, and wire paths, but MCPCB's have a metal core.
-;pill: a housing for the driver and a mounting point for the LED. In smaller lights it is threaded on the outside and screws into the throat of the flashlight body.
+;<span id="pill">pill</span>: a housing for the driver and a mounting point for the LED. In smaller lights it is threaded on the outside and screws into the throat of the flashlight body.
-;potted: when the pill or electronics of a flashlight are filled or coated with epoxy or other hardening material. The advantage is this prevents corrosion and increases impact resistance since parts can't be dislodged. The disadvantage is it makes any modifications much more difficult.
+;<span id="potted">potted</span>: when the pill or electronics of a flashlight are filled or coated with epoxy or other hardening material. The advantage is this prevents corrosion and increases impact resistance since parts can't be dislodged. The disadvantage is it makes any modifications much more difficult.
 ;<span id="preflash">preflash</span>: when a light is turned on and emits a short burst of brighter light before settling down to the correct output level.
-;primary: a power cell or battery that is typically properly disposed of once the energy it stores has been depleted. See article [[Primaries]].
+;<span id="primary">primary</span>: a power cell or battery that is typically properly disposed of once the energy it stores has been depleted. See article [[Primaries]].
 ;<span id="protected">protected</span>: When a circuit board is included in a [[Rechargeable#Lithium_Ion_.28Li-ion.29_-_3.7V.2Fcell|Li-Ion]] battery that prevents cell damage caused by excessive discharge or current. Some flashlights sense low cell voltage and turn off, thereby providing protection as well.
@@ Line 201: / Line 203: @@
 <span id="R"></span>
-;R9: When measuring [[#CRI|color rendering index]] of a light source, 8 different colors (R1-R8) are used, but none of those are pure red. R9 is red and therefore is a supplemental measurement to CRI that indicates how well a light source renders red.
+;<span id="R9">R9</span>: When measuring [[#CRI|color rendering index]] of a light source, 8 different colors (R1-R8) are used, but none of those are pure red. R9 is red and therefore is a supplemental measurement to CRI that indicates how well a light source renders red.
 ;<span id="ramping">ramping</span>: a mode in some flashlights where the brightness varies (ramps up or ramps down) and you select the brightness level you want. Sometimes this level is then memorized, but in the original [[NiteCore]] D10 it is only used until you turn the light off again.
-;recoil: or "recoil thrower" is a flashlight design where the LED is mounted on an arm just under the center of the lens, facing backwards into the reflector. Such a light can produce a very intense hotspot with great throw and very little spill. One downside is there is not much heatsinking to carry heat away from the LED.
+;<span id="recoil">recoil</span>: or "recoil thrower" is a flashlight design where the LED is mounted on an arm just under the center of the lens, facing backwards into the reflector. Such a light can produce a very intense hotspot with great throw and very little spill. One downside is there is not much heatsinking to carry heat away from the LED.
-;reflow: or "reflow soldering," a technique used to solder surface mount devices to pads on circuit boards. The pads have a little solder, then the device to be mounted is put in place and the entire board is heated until the solder melts. This is how LEDs are usually attached to their star or board. The heating can be done on the stove, in an oven, or with a hot air gun. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflow_soldering Wikipedia article].
+;<span id="reflow">reflow</span>: or "reflow soldering," a technique used to solder surface mount devices to pads on circuit boards. The pads have a little solder, then the device to be mounted is put in place and the entire board is heated until the solder melts. This is how LEDs are usually attached to their star or board. The heating can be done on the stove, in an oven, or with a hot air gun. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflow_soldering Wikipedia article].
-;regulator: in a flashlight, a circuit that takes energy from a battery and converts it to a (usually) constant current or voltage to feed the flashlight's light element (either an LED or bulb).  Using a regulator, the flashlight's brightness usually stays constant for the majority of the lifetime of the battery, and then output drops quickly and significantly as the battery is no longer able to supply the required energy.  Non-regulated flashlights (also called direct-drive) usually start out at a high output, and then the output diminishes gradually over the lifetime of the battery. See article [[Driver]].
+;<span id="regulator">regulator</span>: in a flashlight, a circuit that takes energy from a battery and converts it to a (usually) constant current or voltage to feed the flashlight's light element (either an LED or bulb).  Using a regulator, the flashlight's brightness usually stays constant for the majority of the lifetime of the battery, and then output drops quickly and significantly as the battery is no longer able to supply the required energy.  Non-regulated flashlights (also called direct-drive) usually start out at a high output, and then the output diminishes gradually over the lifetime of the battery. See article [[Driver]].
 ;<span id="reverse">reverse clicky</span>: a switch that must be fully depressed, clicked, and released before the light comes on. Once the light is on, a half-press will turn the light off momentarily and/or change modes once released. It is good for multi-mode lights, but does not allow momentary on. Almost all budget lights have a reverse clicky, even if they are single mode. Compare to [[#forward|forward clicky]].
@@ Line 215: / Line 217: @@
 ;<span id="ROP">ROP</span>: Roar of the Pelican, a flashlight manufactured by Pelican, but currently more often the name of modified maglites using the ROP bulb.
-;runtime: a measurement of how long a flashlight will last on a set of batteries of a particular type, usually measured to 50% of the initial output (10% for [[ANSI-NEMA FL-1|ANSI/NEMA FL-1]]). Multi-mode lights have a different runtime for each mode.
+;<span id="runtime">runtime</span>: a measurement of how long a flashlight will last on a set of batteries of a particular type, usually measured to 50% of the initial output (10% for [[ANSI-NEMA FL-1|ANSI/NEMA FL-1]]). Multi-mode lights have a different runtime for each mode.
 <span id="S"></span>
-;Seoul: Seoul Semiconductor, a Korean LED manufacturer. See article [[Seoul Semiconductor]].
+;<span id="Seoul">Seoul</span>: Seoul Semiconductor, a Korean LED manufacturer. See article [[Seoul Semiconductor]].
-;SF: [[SureFire]] or sometimes [[Solarforce]], two flashlight manufacturers.
+;<span id="SF">SF</span>: [[SureFire]] or sometimes [[Solarforce]], two flashlight manufacturers.
-;showerhead: a flashlight with a cluster of low-powered LEDs. Generally these are very inexpensive lights (9 LEDs seems common), but some have hundreds of LEDs and actually give off a decent amount of floody light.
+;<span id="showerhead">showerhead</span>: a flashlight with a cluster of low-powered LEDs. Generally these are very inexpensive lights (9 LEDs seems common), but some have hundreds of LEDs and actually give off a decent amount of floody light.
 ;<span id="SinkPAD">SinkPAD</span>: a brand name of aluminum or copper LED MCPCB that is designed to conduct heat away from an LED more efficiently than typical aluminum boards, therefore keeping the LED cooler, increasing brightness and LED life. Also see [[#Noctigon|Noctigon]].
-;SMD: Surface Mount Device - most high-power LEDs used in flashlights are mounted this way where legs of a component (LED, capacitor, resitor, diodes, etc.) are soldered to pads on the surface of the circuit board (as opposed to through-hole soldering where the legs of the LEDs go into holes on the circuit board which are then soldered on the underside with the excess leg length clipped off).
+;<span id="SMD">SMD</span>: Surface Mount Device - most high-power LEDs used in flashlights are mounted this way where legs of a component (LED, capacitor, resitor, diodes, etc.) are soldered to pads on the surface of the circuit board (as opposed to through-hole soldering where the legs of the LEDs go into holes on the circuit board which are then soldered on the underside with the excess leg length clipped off).
 ;<span id="SMO">SMO</span>: a reflector with a smooth finish. Designed for better throw, but also shows imperfections in the LED (e.g. rings). Compare to [[#OP|OP]].
-;spill: the area of a flashlight beam outside of the hotspot and corona. Light intensity in the spill area is typically low and even, and comes directly from the light emitting surface with little or no contribution from the reflector.
+;<span id="spill">spill</span>: the area of a flashlight beam outside of the hotspot and corona. Light intensity in the spill area is typically low and even, and comes directly from the light emitting surface with little or no contribution from the reflector.
-;spot: see hotspot
+;<span id="spot">spot</span>: see hotspot
-;spring bypass: a modification to the battery springs in a flashlight to reduce resistance and increase current. The typical spring bypass involves soldering braided copper wire from the tip of the spring to the base where the spring attaches to the switch and/or driver.
+;<span id="spring bypass">spring bypass</span>: a modification to the battery springs in a flashlight to reduce resistance and increase current. The typical spring bypass involves soldering braided copper wire from the tip of the spring to the base where the spring attaches to the switch and/or driver.
-;SSC: Seoul Semiconductor, a Korean LED manufacturer. See article [[Seoul Semiconductor]].
+;<span id="SSC">SSC</span>: Seoul Semiconductor, a Korean LED manufacturer. See article [[Seoul Semiconductor]].
-;star: a star-shaped circuit board that an LED emitter is often mounted to. The star board provides easy-to-access solder pads, and some degree of heat-sinking.
+;<span id="star">star</span>: a star-shaped circuit board that an LED emitter is often mounted to. The star board provides easy-to-access solder pads, and some degree of heat-sinking.
 <span id="T"></span>
-;tactical: more of a marketing term than anything. Often refers to a light with fewer modes and a forward clicky, designed to take some abuse and possibly be mounted to a weapon. See [http://www.candlepowerforums.com/vb/showthread.php?t=147215 CPF discussion].
+;<span id="tactical">tactical</span>: more of a marketing term than anything. Often refers to a light with fewer modes and a forward clicky, designed to take some abuse and possibly be mounted to a weapon. See [http://www.candlepowerforums.com/vb/showthread.php?t=147215 CPF discussion].
 ;<span id="throw">throw</span>: the ability of a flashlight to place light onto a distant defined area of surface, i.e how well the light is collimated. The throw of a light source of fixed power will be defined by the surface brightness of the light emitter, and the shape, diameter, depth, smoothness, and reflective efficiency of the reflector surface. A flashlight with good throw characteristics is called a "thrower" and generally has a narrow beam that is best for illuminating objects at a distance (hundreds of feet). Compare with [[#flood|flood]]. The [[ANSI-NEMA FL-1|ANSI/NEMA FL-1]] standard states throw two ways: candela and meters.
-;ti: Titanium - metal used to construct higher end flashlights. Like stainless steel, it can have a variety of surface finishes and resists corrosion, but it is stronger and lighter weight. See article [[Materials#Titanium|Titanium]].
+;<span id="ti">ti</span>: Titanium - metal used to construct higher end flashlights. Like stainless steel, it can have a variety of surface finishes and resists corrosion, but it is stronger and lighter weight. See article [[Materials#Titanium|Titanium]].
 ;<span id="TIR">TIR</span>: total internal reflection.  A glass or plastic "lens" that collimates light rays from the light emitter, both by reflecting them and by refracting them.  Theoretically, ALL of the light produced by the emitter is gathered by the TIR optic. See article [[Lenses]].
-;trit: tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Packed in small vials or cubes where the emitted electrons will strike phosphor and emit light, a vial can be attached to a flashlight so that you can find it in the dark. The brightness fades over time, reducing fifty percent during a half-life of 12.3 years. Different colors are available depending on the phosphor used.
+;<span id="trit">trit</span>: tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Packed in small vials or cubes where the emitted electrons will strike phosphor and emit light, a vial can be attached to a flashlight so that you can find it in the dark. The brightness fades over time, reducing fifty percent during a half-life of 12.3 years. Different colors are available depending on the phosphor used.
-;twisty: a method of controlling a flashlight - loosening or tightening the head, control ring, or tailcap turns the light on or off or changes its level or mode. Many lights turn on with the head tightened, but some turn on with the head loosened.
+;<span id="twisty">twisty</span>: a method of controlling a flashlight - loosening or tightening the head, control ring, or tailcap turns the light on or off or changes its level or mode. Many lights turn on with the head tightened, but some turn on with the head loosened.
 <span id="U"></span>
-;UCL: Ultra Clear Lens, a trademarked glass lens with anti-reflective coating sold by flashlightlens.com.
+;<span id="UCL">UCL</span>: Ultra Clear Lens, a trademarked glass lens with anti-reflective coating sold by flashlightlens.com.
 ;<span id="UI">UI</span>: user interface. The button presses, head twists, and whatever else is required to operate the flashlight, get to various modes, etc.
-;unprotected: see [[#protected|protected]].
+;<span id="unprotected">unprotected</span>: see [[#protected|protected]].
 <span id="V"></span>
-;VOM: Volt Ohm Meter. See [[#DMM|DMM]].
+;<span id="Vf">Vf</span>: See [[#Forward Voltage|Forward Voltage]].
+;<span id="VOM">VOM</span>: Volt Ohm Meter. See [[#DMM|DMM]].
 <span id="W"></span>
-;WW: Warm White, an LED or light tint, usually with an orange tint like an incandescent bulb. See article [[ANSI White]].
+;<span id="WW">WW</span>: Warm White, an LED or light tint, usually with an orange tint like an incandescent bulb. See article [[ANSI White]].
 <span id="X"></span>
 <span id="Y"></span>
 <span id="Z"></span>
-;<span id="Vf">Vf</span>: Forward Voltage (a property of an [[LED]]). The voltage drop across a LED at a given current. If two LEDs are identical except one has a lower Vf, the one with the lower Vf will draw a higher current from a battery and will also be brighter.

Terminology: Difference between revisions

Terminology (view source)

Revision as of 22:40, 9 August 2019

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